Gary Paulsen’s novel “Hatchet” Essay

In Gary Paulsen’s novel hatchet the protagonist Brian Robenson develops many new skills after his plane crashes into the Canadian wilderness. It is his ability to make a fire, build a shelter and make new tools that enable him to survive. During one of the nights when he was stuck in the Canadian wilderness a porcupine went into his shelter and he felt it he through the hatchet as a reaction which hit the rock and made a spark he woke up the next morning, remembering what had happened during the night, sparks, fire, I I can make a fire with my hatchet and the rock, it took a fair few tries but he eventually got it on the fire lasted till the day he got rescued, during all those days he was stuck out there â€Å"he had to keep hoping† because if he gave up he wouldn’t of gotten rescued and it could have ruined the book. After the crash it took him about a day to realize had to build a shelter this would help him survive it could maybe protect him from the wild animals and definitely protect him from the bad weather, he finds a rock/cave type thing and ends up having to re-build his shelter a few times due to animals wrecking it. Through the novel hatchet , Brian makes a couple of spears and catches all different animals, sometimes he ate the food raw or cooked it on the fire some of the time, it depended what it was, he ate the turtle eggs raw, but cooked the bird. When Brian is stuck in the Canadian wilderness he needs a fire and shelter and food to survive if he didn’t have them three things he would have only lasted a few days tops, he could of died of hyperthermia or starvation and he wouldn’t of been saved, and if he dies it would of ruined the book.

Sex Online

This lecture is really an intro to the course. It defines the act of sex as the â€Å"exchanging of genetic data by two organisms for procreation. † This lecture also challenges our ways of thinking about sex as more than Just an act of procreation, but also as an act with social, political, mental, and personal complications. From strictly an evolutionary perspective, the goal of our genes Is to have as many babies as possible, through the act of sex.This lecture tells us sex has never Just been about babies (although they do allow for a kind of immortality and free labor) but also has o do with culture. Lecture 2- Fertility Tech This lecture begins to transcend Into the discussion of sex and technology. Technology comes from the Greek word techno, which means â€Å"Knowledge around a way of doing something. † This lecture also discusses the early forms of sex tech, specifically fertility control through herbs, abstinence through calendar manipulation (also known as th e rhythm method introduced by SST.Augustine, 4th Century), and acupuncture. This lecture also discusses the economic effects on fertility, such as the requirement of money to support a child. Culture was fluid and open. Homosexual relationships with young boys were considered fine in Greg Lecture 3- Why do we do It? This lecture clarifies the argument, that even In ancient times sex was not always for procreation. Early times were less hung up on sex. After human environments began to become heavily agricultural, sex did undergo a change that saw sex as something that should be controlled, or even saved for marriage.Still, sex in ancient times was still used much like it Is today, for pleasure. Condoms made of animal bladders, women using preemptively forms of lipstick, and all types of masturbation and roof sex demonstrate that In regards to the act of sex Itself, not much has changed. Sex in modern and ancient times was/is performed for pleasure, for ritualistic cultural purposes, for money, power, and even in situations where it was/is forced. Lecture 4- The Classical World This lecture discusses sex In the classical world. It talks about sex In ancient viewed abroad.Sexual practices across these different places were not shared, especially the tech that was used for sex. For example, in 800-B. C China, sex manuals were popular for men AND women, yet, in Greece sex was considered a more male entered-power act, in which the penetrator had the power. In Iran, sex was more strictly controlled, versus India and China where the sexual CE, as young boys didn't yet have the â€Å"power. † Lecture 5- World religions and Sex Religions that came out of the Classical Period, sought to control sex.Into the Middle Ages, the main religions all agreed sex needed to be controlled, and saved for marriage (save the Hindus, they didn't have the same kind of restrictions). Paul really started the move towards Church control of Sex (1st Corinthians), but his views were s kewed by a belief Armageddon was coming within a few years. The Christian churches' belief in sexual control stems from Chrism's obvious display of a lack of sexuality (some argue Christ had kids. In other religions such as Buddhism, monks also abstained from sex( before priests did).When settlers came to the New World, they viewed Native American men as feminine and weak for their dress and homosexual acceptance, and the women as objects of great sexual passion for their open sexuality. Yet, before world religions became overarching, religion and sex was intermixed ( in Hellenic Greece, Syria and Babylon, India, and Nepal, temple prostitutes were used). Even cults (such as the Oneida Commune) sex was controlled with communal control over fertility and children, yet, sex was free and open. So, is religion considered a technology? The answer is basically, yes.Lecture 6- Pre-Electric Erotic Communication Tech This lecture discusses sex technology, the earliest of which was used for co mmunication purposes(cave paintings). Some of the earliest cave paintings depicted sex! Along with paintings, devices such as the Venus(clay statue emphasizing big boobs and vulva) and even ancient dildos display sex tech and communication is as old as humanity itself. This lecture really pushes the point that every technology (paintings, stone mastery) was eventually put towards some sexual use, even ask years ago. First uses of any medium, are often erotic.This is displayed by sexual magazines made of papyrus in ancient Turin, Chinese art, and Japanese Shunts. Early erotic messages in Bibles (known as â€Å"Books of ours†) also demonstrate that as early as printing and engraving processes were created, they were used to create erotica. Lecture 7- Mass Sex Tech With the creation of printing presses and engraving machines came social change. Due to the high cost of owning a book, early erotic books and porn pieces were only for the wealthy and elite. Some art pieces, (specifi cally by Marquis De Side) were â€Å"art. The use of sexual art was also used for comedy (Romans thought huge penises were hilarious). Like any technology, when it was first created it was expensive. Yet, as things like printing and photography ( the first Polaroid camera) pornography began to become cheaper and easiest to create. At first, porn was thought only appropriate for wealthy men, as it might corrupt the poorer lower classes, yet, as cameras and elm became cheaper, porn began to drive the tech market. Many argue the Polaroid camera and VS. were huge successes because of the want to make pornography in a discreet, private settings.Lecture 8- PEP Networks Mass communication in regards to sex started simply as person-to-person communication. Love letters were probably the earliest forms of sexual PEP communication, followed by personal nude photos, and phone sex. Once operators were removed from phone lines, it became possible for people to have private phone sex. With phone sex, came the centralization of phone sex though sex lines. The dead of this lecture is to establish the idea that phone-sex, and virtual sex happen in a space where both participants aren't. Out of the PEP networks, would eventually spawn the porn industry as we know today. Y. At this time, internet downloads took forever, which is why the classic â€Å"Porno Movie† took hold. These were typically well funded films that created â€Å"stars† who appeared in more than one video. Yet, the internet began to change all of this in the ass's, as download times began to be reduced, and videos and images could be shared via the web. From videotape, porn moved to DVD, then finally to digital online). Lecture 9- The Industry The sass really started pornography as an industry, not Just a private PEP network. With technology advancing in forms of film, VS., and cameras, porn also advanced as an industry.With movies like â€Å"Deep Throat† porn began to become commonplace i n the theater, and would eventually move even into hotel rooms (pay- per-view). With more premiership, Porn began to make more money, became mass produced. Currently, the porn industry is struggling due to technological advances on the web. How do sex online differ from prostitution? Is it the same? Lecture 10- The Sex-Tech Nexus This lecture is a summary of what we Just learned. It asks us to re-think the outcomes, and what counts as sex are difficult to measure and vary.Module 1 Readings: 1 . Coppersmith: Pornography and the Internet Two main arguments -In the last 2 decades consumers of porn have accelerated the diffusion of new communication technologies like the VS. & CD-Room by becoming early buyers and users, thereby providing a profitable market for newly introduced services – Waves of new communication technologies have affected porn in ways as revolutionary as any other area of society The article focuses on the idea of the â€Å"demagnification of orangeroot' by r educing entry and transaction costs.Porn has served as an agent of change for both innovation and quest for profits. Video porn provided customers with a product to Justify acquiring costly equipment (VS.) and accelerated the diffusion of new technology without shaping it. Cyberspace attracted users to browse the internet and increased their knowledge of the system. Porn products have shaped computer technology by pushing the technological and commercial envelope. 2.Hughes: The Internet and Sex Industries From the introduction video, when thinking about the arguments made by Hughes, e able to take a stance and have information that would reinforce her arguments, or counter (thinking this could be a potential essay/short answer question Just throwing it out there) 3. Wallace: Greek Kings of Smut At first the invention of the internet was great to the porn industry, but as the years have went by, it has become detrimental. Now, there are not as many people buying porn because so many websites give you access to free porn these days.These amateur sites that offer free porn are even pirating from professional sites, and it is hard for them to stop this from happening because it occurs so often. . Dibbled: A rape in cyberspace The discussion of a textual rape that took place on a early form on an online community called Lampoon. A character named Bindle (SP? ) virtually raped 2 other characters in an open living room space. Brought about questions of Just because this took place online, do it dismiss the crime committed against the avatars.The Lampoon community was brought together to discuss Just that, and what the punishment should be for the rape in cyberspace, which was a proposed â€Å"toadying† or banishing that character. Also discussed about individuals real connections with setting proportions. Ultimately, the community came together to form a type of government to deal with such issues, and the resulting punishment for Bindle was toadying. 5. Avide r: Waller: A Freudian Analysis of Setting Fantasy is not only an imitation of one's relationship with reality, but it is also a different relationship to a world that's entirely different.Setting becomes an alternate reality. 6. Ross: Typing, Doing, and Being The increasing salience of sexuality on the internet, whether cyberspace or use of the internet to make sexual contacts, has focused interest n how internet-mediated sexuality informs social theory. This article reviews social theory and sexuality in relation to the internet, with specific reference to the development of intimacy, the association of texts with sexual scripts, the emergence of accessibility as a sexual space midway between fantasy and action, and the question of boundaries and the location of the person in sexual interaction.Also, the supplanting of the real by the symbolic, the internet as a sexual marketplace, its important role in creating sexual communities, particularly where sexual behavior or density is s tigmatize, its impact as a new arena for sexual experience and experimentation, and its impact in shaping sexual culture and sexual- TTY are noted. Finally, the importance of the internet as a medium for the exploration of human sexuality and as an opportunity to illuminate previously challenging areas of sexual research is discussed.Quiz 1 Questions and Answers Question: Giddiness argues that all but one of the following have led to new reflexivity and plasticity of our sexual identities? Which of these influences was NOT included in Giddiness' ideas? Answer: The Internet. Which of these does Ross argue lead to the success of cyberspace on the internet, but the ultimate demise of phone sex, despite the similarities between the two. Text allows you to distance yourself more from your statements about preferences or desires when compared with voice.Which of the following does Ross suggest may be possible effects of sex online? Answers: Cyberspace becomes a new niche of sexual behavio r. There is an expansion of sexual possibilities and partners made available to users. People will feel freer to experiment with alternative sexual experiences in a stigma- ere environment and learn more about themselves. The borders of where we consider ourselves and our bodies may change in unpredictable ways. At least two of our readings this module suggest that the internet provides a space for consequence free exploration of identity.Mr.. Bungle also made this claim. How does Dibbled Judge his comment? He suggests that the â€Å"it's only play† excuse is available only to newbie's and sociopaths. Others come to have a closer connection to their online personae. The New York Magazine article suggests that the online adult industry is hurting. What do most in the industry attribute this to? Tube sites and amateur. Module 2- This lecture is an intro about specific parts of pornography. Specifically, rule 34-if it exists there is porn about it.The idea behind Rule 34 is abou t community, meaning if someone likes a weird porn, odds are there are others that like it too(even if those numbers are small). Within this intro, is also an intro for the topics of future lectures in regards to extreme porn, horror porn, rape porn, snuff and the large variety of different pornographers. Lecture 2- Manipulating Intimacy This lecture starts the discussion about intimacy, and its relation to sex. Sex is arguably the most intimate a human can be with another person, yet online sex manipulates this intimacy.Eric Gong in her book, A Fear of Flying, discusses the idea of the Zippers buck, a pure buck that has no power game, nothing is taken or given, there is no humiliation, and there is nothing to prove. However, the Zippers buck according to Gong is as rare as a unicorn, and begs the question, does it even exist? Sex without intimacy is the main idea of this lecture, and whether or not it's even possible. Things like swingers clubs, bathhouses (1 5th century) and anony mous sex presented early forms of sex without intimacy, or â€Å"baggage† so to speak.While detached sex is not a product of the internet, it has become a cultural part of it. In terms of anonymous sex, there is not much social consequences as identity remains hidden, whereas actual-biological sex comes with the possibility of disease and such. The internet and things like phone sex allow for users to take on an identity, partake in sexual activity, and leave, whereas an online performer is not anonymous. In summary, the complexity of online sex is tied to identity, and anonymity. Lecture 3- Texts Is text interactive? Yes.In the early days of the internet when images were not possible, text was the main way of communication sexual speak. Coatrooms known as MUD'S and Moon's, allowed for people to gather in basic chat rooms and talk. These talks could often become sexual in nature, especially with questions like SSL (age, sex, location). Texts is also seen in romance novels for example, and even in sexual fan- fiction known as Slash. Virtual engagement programs like Cork and Elise created bots that could talk, which was then turned into a sexual chatterbox.These early MUD'S and bots paved the way for online sexual communities, Lecture 4- Pictures Online From text, came the first online pictures created using text. Images of a nude picture would be created using type writer, and when connected to a computer, could be shown to others around the web. FTP (file transfer protocol) allowed users to share a file on an FTP server. Users were then able to download and share various images, some scanned from magazines and even some slash fiction. These early FTP servers created early marketplaces for porn, and early porn sharing services (think Egan taking pictures directly for web consumption.But how did people find these sites? The answer was early search engines. Search engines like Google rose to prominence for their ability to cut through massive amounts of po rn related searches on the early internet and show users only subjects they wanted to search for. Tags, (thumbnail gallery post) were sort of online magazines, that websites tried to trick Search Engines and users to clicking on, driving traffic to early web pages. Lecture 5- Video Due to the slow download speed of videos, it took a while for videos to hit the internet.Yet, with the increase of bandwidth, small-stamp size videos eventually made their way onto the net. Early programs for video feed (Consume) allowed users to see one another, in slow frame-by-frame speed. With the explosion of the internet in 95†², early WebMD sites like Jenny Cam took off, drawing viewers and eventually money from complete strangers. What started with porn images, moved to videos in the late ass's as file compression, and the web itself advanced. Lecture 6- Mobile The idea of mobile pornography was not very popular early on.Yet, the mobile phone itself also grew as a result of pornography. Cell phones started with phone sex, and then grew to locative technology (tinder, grind etc). Cell phones allowed social life and internet life to mix, and at the same time created a mobile, private sexual place for people to explore. The gradual growth of mobile technology allowed for connections to be made that were sexual in nature. The main point of this lecture is that phones mixed online sexuality, and social culture. Lecture 7- Community Module 2 Readings: 1 .Fiddle: Indentured Servitude (Gizmo Article)- This article discusses chemicals and how some can make tons of money, and how there make little to no money. It's easy to get into this industry if you own a computer and are willing to show off your body to anyone willing to pay. Websites like Embraces make it easy for the people who own them to launder money because nobody actually knows where the money goes because it's hard to track it. 2. Passion: Labors of Love, Network This article talks about the transformation of porn onl ine. There were sex wars in the feminists have said porn identifies women as being subjected to violence.Moral conservatives says it is faith and morally decaying in any social or cultural value. Network refers to pornographers specific to online platforms and networks. This article talks about two very different forms of new porn and amateurism; network and porn on the net. Network refers to a more grassroots pornography movement in â€Å"which online technologies restructure the pornographic, porn on the net refers to the recycling of the same old pornographic images and texts from print media, video, and film on the internet† – Porn on the net also can include â€Å"gone' porn.Alt porn & mature porno are submerges of network: both â€Å"shift roles of porn consumers and producers within the framework of Web 2. † An example of ALT Porn is Suicide Girls. ALT is normally â€Å"soft-core† porn; typically included with â€Å"exhibition of non-standard sub culture styles† It is considered the answer against mainstream porn; not Just in esthetics but in the business model used. 3. Rookie: Beyond Key Parties and Wife Swapping 4.Rubber: Getting Started with Sex in Second-Life – This article talks about the gaming website called Second-Life. It is a virtual world in which people can meet anonymously and have cyberspace with each other. Cyberspace can be 100% text based or you can use avatars that you create perform the sex acts.. Members can become anyone they want, selecting enhanced, or different body parts, clothes, hairstyles, and personalities that they wish they had, or simply play with an alter-ego.Members navigate the site much like a game, but this is in order to meet different members. Once you meet and chat with another member, you can engage in virtual sex with that member, and they rarely say no. Second Life sex is a combination of the visual and the verbal. Players strip their avatars down to their cyber skin, u se pose balls (those floating orbs placed in romantic areas throughout he virtual world) to animate them into various sex acts, and keep up with the whole thing in IM.There's even a third option: climbable body parts attached to the avatars. These nipples, slits, penises, etc. Can be â€Å"touched† Just by clicking on them. Since the parts monitor the avatar's â€Å"arousal,† avatars can even orgasm this way. 5. Sutherland: Journalist or Panderer? This article talks about the online threat of websites used by minors. In the article the boy Justine Berry who was 13 at the time when got his first WebMD in which he was lured by sexual predators into striping, touching himself while they watched.

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 33

Management - Essay Example These policies include providing the products at affordable prices, offering nutritional education, conducting community outreach projects, and offering adequate customer care services (Raphael 31). The policy of improving nutritional education is appropriate in the implementation of other strategies because it ensures that the local communities learn the benefits of healthy eating. This will significantly reduce risk factors for health problems such as obesity, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. The company achieves this through the organization of education seminars, for both consumers and future clients, which educates about the benefits of genetically engineered food products (Raphael 33). This policy is significant because it has facilitated the implementation of public awareness campaigns. The provision of distinct, but satisfying customer care services, in a well-organized and shopper-friendly manner, is a policy that aims at implementing strategies that focus on improving company-to-customer relationships. This ensures that potential customers are retained and maintained. These customers, in turn, participate in improving the quality of products through offering scientific-based pieces of advice (Raphael 39). This policy has also enhanced the hiring the hiring of professional nutritionists who also help in improving the quality of the firm’s products. The company also has a policy that focuses on ensuring the provision of standards of high quality dietary supplements, organic and natural products, which cover a number of purposes. This policy is significant in ensuring that strategies that target customer satisfaction are formulated and implemented. This also gives store managers opportunities to stock their groceries with different natural and organic produc ts that are in-line with the community’s tastes and preferences (Raphael 44). Lastly, the firm has a strategy of flexible investment in real estate. This

The closing of the Muslim mind Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

The closing of the Muslim mind - Essay Example (b) What are the political, economic and cultural consequences of the closing of the Muslim mind? (c) Is the emergence and strength of the Al Qaeda associated with the closing of the Muslim mind? (d) Is there a way out of this dysfunctional culture for the ordinary Muslim? The closing of the Muslim mind as put forward by Reilly represents the rejection of reason by Muslims, in favour of an irrational and strict adherence to the tenets of Islam and the Quran, irrespective of whether they conform tot he demands of human reason or not. Reilly traces the roots of the present dysfunctional Islamic culture back to a great intellectual battle that took place between two groups of Muslims – the Mu’tazlites and the Ash’arites, which raged during the 9th century and was settled around the middle of the century. The Mu’tzalites attempted to balance faith and reason in the same manner as Christianity was also seeking to do. They fully accepted the teachings of the Qur an and its authority, but argued that these teachings could be subjected to logic and reason; logical analysis of the works of Allah could prove amenable to the demands of human reason. ... They were so adamant on their viewpoint that they would not allow even the slightest questioning of the Quran, they would accept no less than complete and utter obedience. The Mu’tzalites pointed out that some contradictions existed in the Quran and argued that reason had to be the guiding factor leading believers to the truth. But the Ash’arites shot back that if Allah chose to be contradictory, who were mere mortals to question him? In this great intellectual battle, the Ash’arites were the victors. The presence of the Mu’tzalites and their reasoning held the door open for some dialogue to occur between different faiths, but with the triumph of the Ash’arite view banged the door shut on the Muslim mind, because reason itself was held in contempt by the dominant view, therefore any interfaith dialogue became impossible. It also made the Muslims resistant to a scientific outlook and an analytic approach. Once reason was closed off, all battles becam e subject to winning through power and dominance; any questioning of the Quran was held to be blasphemous and worthy of condemnation. The most disastrous consequence of the closing of the Muslim mind is the death of scientific advances and achievements in the Muslim world. All of the major scientific accomplishments in the Islamic world were achieved prior to the 12th century; after the conclusive victory of the Ash’arites, there has been a notable lack of scientific development and thought among Islamic countries, because the Muslim mind has been closed off to reason, logic and questioning, in favour of blind, unquestioning obedience to the tenets of the Quran. Unlike Western civilization, which embraces reason and progresses through the propagation of reason, Islam embraces irrationality. Any belief or

Aaker and Keller's brand extension theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Aaker and Keller's brand extension theory - Essay Example Aaker and Keller presented three dimensions of the relevance in terms of:(b) Hypotheses 2: The two products (original and extended) need to fit together in some perspectives for consumers to perceive enhanced transfer of quality from original brand to the new brand. The researchers argued that this transfer becomes weaker if direct fits are not visible.A number of researchers have presented their perspectives on the research of Aaker and Keller supported by their own surveys & experiments. The author shall not present any validation of arguments against the hypotheses of the researchers but hereby agrees that an organization need to deeply study the customer perceptions about new product ideas generated to benefit from brand extensions. Moreover, it is not easy to get consumer perceptions by just presenting the new product ideas to consumers because the attitudes towards new products need their tangible visualization rather than imaginations. Hence, the author proposes that organizat ions should first develop a pilot of new products incorporating the target quality that the product designers intend to incorporate and then carry out intensive surveys among consumers that already are loyal to the parent brand. Pointed questions should be asked to the consumers pertaining to the matching of new products classes with the original product classes. The author proposes that the branding should also present the results of surveys conducted by organization such that the consumers feel a sense of participation in development of the new product lines. As reiterated by Aaker and Kelly, the fitment of original and new product classes is very critical to achieve positive attitudes of consumers pertaining to the brand extensions. Hence, the organizations should develop appropriate measurement criteria and collect enough data from the markets to accurately measure the "Degree of Fitness" between the two product classes. Supporting the viewpoints of Aaker and Kelly, the author s uggests that the fitness should not only be the only criteria but the quality of the new product

Describe the two mendelians laws of inheritance and discuss to what Essay

Describe the two mendelians laws of inheritance and discuss to what extent an X linked genes do not follow mendelian laws - Essay Example The two alternative forms of a factor are known as alleles and the genotype of an individual is made up from these alleles(Mueller et al, 2001) . Thus, every trait is governed by 2 alleles, one maternal and the other paternal. The genetic make up of any cell with reference to a particular trait is known as genotype and any observable trait like color, etc is known as phenotype. The Mendel Laws are based on the above facts and they are described below. The first law is the Law of Segregation, according to which, when an individual produces gametes, each gamete received only one copy of the genes. Thus, a single gamete will receive either one or the other allele. During random fertilization of gametes, the alleles unite again and the product has 2 sets of genes. When a particular gene has both recessive and dominant allelles, incomplete dominance occurs (Nussbaum et al, 2004). The expression of the phenotype is morphed by the expression of berth dominant and recessive alleles (Biology online). The second law is the Law of Independent Assortment. This is also know as the Inheritance Law. According to this law, alleles of different genes undergo independent assortment of one another during the formation of gametes (Jorde et al, 1995). Different traits are inherited independently of each other, with no relationship to each other with regard to inheritance.

Current state of the U.S banking industry Research Paper

Current state of the U.S banking industry - Research Paper Example It is also responsible for issuing the dollar (J. P. Morgan 12). Basically the US is dominated by three types of banks and these are; Commercial banks, credit unions and savings and loans associations. These institutions present a full variety of services to persons, companies and governments. Commercial banks vary in size ranging from global to local and even small society banks with ATM locations. lately, online banks which presents services by means of the internet have surfaced (J. P. Morgan 43). Are also referred to as thrift institutions, and are the next major faction of depository organizations. They were primarily established as society footed organizations to fund mortgages for the community. Eventually, the difference linking savings banks and commercial banks has vanished. Credit unions are another form of a depository organization. They are created by a group of persons who share a general interest. Loans and savings accounts are only limited to associates or members. They are not meant to make profit and they are headed by members who are elected as the board. These are government organizations dealing with numerous economic services like controlling banking business, making and applying the state’s monetary plans. They use monetary policies to encourage financial development and border inflation. During phases of slower financial activity, the Federal Reserve might augment the supply of money by buying government securities plus additional assets. It as well encourages financial enlargement by lowering interest costs for loans. It may fight inflation through sale of securities and increasing interest rates (Zhang 45). Interest from advances is the main cause of returns for the majority banks. Money loaned by banks comes mainly from customer plus company deposits. These deposits frequently make interest for the proprietor by ways such as online payments cheques. The U.S. government regulates the money in banks by

Any arguement with a moral or causal claim Essay

Any arguement with a moral or causal claim - Essay Example Indubitably, such religious decrees have made man what he is today, where God and His guidelines have been argued to have paved the way of human development. Astonishingly, there is no specific definition for God. Yet, man loves Him and fears Him from the ancient period. Nevertheless, humans, either in their conscious or unconscious thoughts, have faced the questions asking for the existence of God. Certainly, if God exists, and as argued in the religious verses, acts in the good of mankind then why does not He share His presence in the earthly world or even support His followers with firm evidences to proof that He exists? Thesis Statement This thesis will aim at assessing the cosmological claim of God’s existence which states that if the universe exists, it is for a cause which is none other than God and thus, it can be considered as a truth that God exists. Based on this cosmological thought and the modern day connotations, the thesis will further intend to argue regarding the causal claim to come across a rational explanation to the theological question that whether God exists, and if He does then why. Discussion Since the evolution of scientific theories, ancient human beliefs have been contradicted on various grounds, whether it is Galileo Galilei’s discovery of earth’s rotation around the sun or Albert Einstein’s theory on gravity. Although these revolutionary concepts were accepted in the human society with passing time and relatively at a much rapid pace, a few of these still remain widely debated topics amid philosophers and scientists. The arguments regarding God’s existence have been one of the most disputable issues to create a parallel distinction between atheists and theists. Certainly, due to the unavailability of requisite proof on the basis of scientific rationale and also because of the reluctance deciphered by the theists to accept the logic argued by atheists, this particular issue has contributed in moder n philosophy as a cosmological thought which has attracted critics from around the world and apparently, from every doctrine (Palmquist, 2009). Arguments raised on this ground have often pointed that if God’s existence is questioned, the historic notional views, based on which the human society has been built, shall fumble and alas, might be destroyed (Hans & Helge, 2011). The cosmological view explained with reference to kalam argument on the existence of God further affirms that, â€Å"Everything that exists or begins to exist has a cause (Premise 1: EP); The universe exists and began to exist (Premise 2: EP); The universe must have a cause (Premise 3: IP); The cause of the universe is God (Conclusion: IC)†. However, this particular argument has been strongly criticized by atheists acclaiming the view to be a paradoxical notion (Morriston, 2000). In response to these questions and arguments, various studies were conducted to prove that God exists on the basis of comp lex theoretical philosophical underpinnings. Explaining the cosmological arguments on the existence of God, Craig (2010) explained that things exist either for an external cause or because of its necessity in the world as connoted in the Premise 1 of the kalam argument. For instance, mathematics exists because of necessity while physical objects exist for a particular cause. Therefore, if the universe is regarded as a physical object, it

We Wear the Mask By Paul Laurence Dunbar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

We Wear the Mask By Paul Laurence Dunbar - Essay Example This paper will present an analysis of the poem highlighting its meaning and some of the devices used by Dunbar to enhance the theme he developed throughout the poem. From the title of the poem, We Wear the Mask, Dunbar introduces the theme that he wishes to discuss in his poem. In the first stanza, he highlights that the mask they wear serves to help them smile, and deceive the world that they are happy. The same mask serves to keep away their cheeks and eyes from the worlds closer analysis. However, beneath the mask, they are suffering intense pain and grief because of the â€Å"human guile† mentioned in line 3 of the first stanza. Evidently, Dunbar speaks in reference of African Americans suffering from the exploitation of slavery and other evils perpetrated by slave masters hurting the slaves. Despite their suffering, they mask their true feelings and pretend that they are content with the situation just as it is (Dunbar). The second stanza begins with an ironing tone because Dunbar asks why the world should make efforts of being â€Å"over-wise†. This is a pure irony because Dunbar makes it look like considering the grievances of African Americans is going overboard in the realm of wisdom. In his opinion, the world should only remain wise enough to be able to see their smiling faces because they wear the mask. This means that the world will never recognize the deep suffering experienced by the African Americans and will always consider them satisfied with their position as slaves. This also brings in the aspect of racism and the negative effects suffered by the minority groups specifically the African Americans. Although they are discriminated against, they are not allowed to voice out their suffering or even their ideas. In the last stanza, Dunbar highlights that African Americans seek intervention from Jesus Christ, who is the only one who can perceive their true suffering. On the other hand , the world never recognizes their cries

Greek and Roman Sculptures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Greek and Roman Sculptures - Essay Example This activity provided steady employment for many architects and sculptors who organized leading workshops in Greece, revolutionizing Greek classical art and architecture. The Parthenon, built by Menesicles and Ictinus, along with the Propylaea (the gateway with the finest paintings and sculpture of the Classical age) crowned the Athenian Acropolis. Other prominent works included The Panhellenic shrines, Delphi (oracle of Apollo) and Olympia (the shrine of Zeus). Delphi (460 BC) is the athlete offering libation of oil from patera (sacrificial bowl) in thanks for victory1. Roman art and architecture was founded on a different principle than their Greek counterparts. The Romans believed that for the continuity of the Roman Empire, they could only do so only through art. Since an emperor could not be omnipresent, it was necessary to set up the statue of the emperor in law courts, market places, public assemblies, and theatres. This policy led to the sculpture of a large number of the imperial effigies to adorn prominent buildings in Rome2. Since its discovery in 1963, the sculpture of Augustus of Prima Porta has been the subject of much scholarly discussion. The marble sculpture is probably a copy of a now-lost bronze statue which was made shortly after 22 BC. Augustus was lionized by the Roman people, he promoted conservative Republican values. He tried to restore faith in the Roman state by equating his role as Pontifex Maximus (Head Priest) with religious and moral values. Augustus used religion to reorganize state and to establish his own rule. He also promoted the cult of emperor as divine by building a temple to the Divine Julius 2.0 Augustus of Prima Porta (Roman Sculpture) Photo of Augustus of Prima Porta (Courtesy: Late Antiquity: Imperial Image) In Augustus of Prima Porta, Augustus is portrayed as a general, draped in a cuirass (breastplate) richly embellished with reliefs. The waist is draped in a paludamentum or officer's cloak. The upraised arms of the figure are an interpretation of ad locutio, a gesture conveying the power of speech in Roman art. It gives a visual demonstration of the emperor's power. Augustus saw himself as the Principate of Rome. Augustus of Prima Porta is one of the earliest examples of imperial portraiture used for political propaganda; the statue's purpose was to identify the state with a well-meaning and enlightened Augustus. The sculpture of Augustus of Prima Porta is a Greco-Roman example of exquisite craftsmanship of the Roman period. The sculpture has the power of expression in its god-like appearance. Practices of deifying rulers and erecting temples in their honor began in Rome as early as the reign of Augustus. Augustus of Prima Porta is the type of statue that stood in such a temple. It adapted an orator's gesture, combined with the pose and body proportions, as prescribed by the Greek Polykleitos and exemplified by the Spear Bearer, Doryphoros. Bare feet suggest that the work may have been posthumous and signified his apotheosis, or elevation to divine status. Carved on the cuirass are scenes, recounting outstanding achievements of Augustus' reign and pictures of the gods and goddesses. The Greek influence can be seen in the depictions of divine figures. The depiction of a Parthian giving back the

Recording, Analysing and using HR information Essay Example for Free

Recording, Analysing and using HR information Essay It is extremely important for all organisations to record and store data for a number of reasons, one significant reason being to satisfy legal requirements. Government agencies such as HMRC, Department of Work Pensions and the Health Safety Executive to name but a few, can demand information from organisations at any time. Pay, tax and employee data needs to be accurately recorded and monitored by HR, in order to ensure employees are being treated fairly and organisations are compliant. Relevant legislation would include the National Minimum Wage Act 1998 with regard to pay, working hours are restricted under the Working Time regulations and safe working practices and conditions are outlined under the Health Safety at work Act 1974. Failure to comply with this legislation can lead to errors, accidents, increased absence, breakdown of the psychological contract, poor employee engagement, poor retention rates, a bad corporate reputation and can result in serious financial consequences such as fines, legal action or closure of business in extreme cases. Another reason that organisations collect HR data is for monitoring levels of employee sickness and absence. According to the CIPD’s 2013 Annual Survey Report on Absence Management, organisations reported employees absent between 6 and 8. 7 days each per annum at an average annual cost to the business of ? 595 per employee due to a lack of resource and productivity. As can be seen, hours lost due to sickness and absence can cost organisations a huge amount of time and money every year and attendance data collected can be used for Occupational Health investigations or capability reviews with the employee, especially should multiple instances of absence occur or a pattern emerges. Attendance data can also help to spot patterns and trends which can pinpoint other less obvious causes for absence. Poor line management, workplace bullying, poor motivation, a training need or a welfare issue can often be the cause of recurrent, short term absence and once highlighted, HR can intervene to offer practical support, advice and guidance to both employees and line managers in order to rectify these issues before they escalate further. Organisations store data collected in two ways. Before the technology boom in the late nineties, manual files (that are written or printed) were widely used but are now less popular, specially in large organisations that are heavily reliant upon technology. The benefits of manual files are that they are cheap to compile with little or no training required to extract information from them. However the downside being they take a large amount of space to store, they have little or no security and if they are destroyed or damaged, the information is permanently lost. Electronic storage on computer hard drives, shared drives, memory sticks, internet, intranet, dvd and so on is now the preferred method due to the many benefits. It is easier to input and update information on a computer, the information can be quickly distributed to a vast amount of recipients via email, can be easily manipulated and formatted for reporting purposes in various applications, doesn’t take up any physical office space and can be secured and protected via encryption programmes or passwords. Of course, data can be highly sensitive, confidential and valuable and therefore it is crucial organisations are responsible and compliant when collecting, storing and using this information. There are many pieces of legislation that relate to this such as Limitation Act 1980, The Data Protection Act 1998, Human Rights Act 1998, Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000, Freedom of Information Act 2000, Anti-Terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001 Part 11, Information and Consultation of Employees Regulations 2004, the Immigration, Asylum and Nationality Act 2006 and the UK Borders Act 2007. Two pieces of legislation in particular which are relevant to the everyday uses of HR data within organisations are the Data Protection Act 1998 (DPA) and Freedom of Information Act 2000 (FOIA). The DPA states that the processing of automated and manual data must comply with seven principles; the data must be used fairly and lawfully, used for limited, specifically stated purposes, used in a way that is relevant and not excessive, must be accurate and up to date, kept no longer than necessary, handled according to data protection rights, kept safe secure and must not be transferred outside the UK without adequate protection. There are guidelines produced by the Information Commissioner detailing the best practice for handling data and maintaining compliance in four areas; Recruitment Selection, Employment records, Monitoring at work and Information about workers health. Subject to certain exceptions (as detailed in Schedule 7 of the Data Protection Act 1998) employees have the right to access their records and also employers must seek the permission of he individual concerned before releasing any information to a 3rd party. Under the DPA, employers must keep certain data for specific statutory periods of time and once this has expired destruction of data must take place securely and effectively. The FOIA 2000 relates only to information gathered, stored and used in the Public sector (NHS, Government departments, Local Authorities, Police forces etc) and information held in the private sector on behalf of public organisations. It aims to improve accountability and provide transparency within organisations that spend public money. This gives the public the right to access all information including emails, documents, letters and notes, without any relation to themselves and without needing to provide a reason. The request can be denied only if it contravenes the Data Protection Act, harms national security or is not in the ‘public interest’ but even then a refusal has to be valid, reasonable, explained and an edited version released.

The Quest for Identity Essay Example for Free

The Quest for Identity Essay In some point of our lives, we all try to find our identities; try to find a place that we can fit in completely. Most people struggle, some does not. The question of identity is especially difficult for immigrants and their coming generations since they have different cultures and different views. In the novel The Namesake by Jhumpa Lahiri, the main character Gogol struggles with his cultural identity due to the ideological difference between him and his parents on the concept of name. According to Bengali naming traditions, everyone has two names, a pet name and a good name. The good name is for the public to use, the pet name is for family and friends to use in private places, it is also â€Å"a persistent remnant of childhood, a reminder that life is not always so serious, so formal, so complicated. They are a reminder, too, that one is not all things to all people† (26). Different traditions represent different cultures; In the United States, many people name their son after the father or the grandfather to honor the elders and also act as a symbol of heritage. On another hand in India, every name is sacred and cannot be inherited. Ashima and Ashoke decided to name their first child Gogol, this name doesn’t just represent the life of this child, it also represents the life of the father-Ashoke. However, this shapeless and weightless name has become a burden of Gogol’s life for a long long time. The first lesson that Gogol learns about his names is at the town’s public elementary school. At first, he does not want to go to kindergarten because his parents have told him that he will be call a new name-Nikhil at school which he does not want and does not understand. He is afraid to be Nikhil, someone he doesn’t know† (57). Of course, he is not the only one who doesn’t understand about the pet name and the good name. When Ashoke tries to explain to the principal Mrs. Lapidus about why they want her to call Gogol Nikhil, Mrs. Lapidus tries to understand, but ends up in confusion due to the cultural difference. â€Å"I’m not sure I follow you, Mr. Ganguli. Do you mean that Nikhil is a middle name? Or a nickname? Many of the children go by nicknames here† (58). She has never deal with this issue before, even with the other Indian students at school. And the big problem with this is that Gogol does not respond to the name Nikhil. Therefore, Mrs. Lapidus decides to ask Gogol about his own opinion towards this new name, Gogol shakes his head as his answer, so Mrs. Lapidus writes a note to Ashima and Ashoke telling them Gogol will be known as â€Å"Gogol† instead of â€Å"Nikhil† at school due to his preference. In here, Gogol is just a kid who doesn’t understand about his culture, but at the same time, the author is trying to hint us that even though Gogol is an Indian looking kid, he is Americanized; his thoughts are very different from his parents who are typical Indians. And in the United States, his parents’ thoughts are not so accepted which increases the gap between Gogol and his parents. As Gogol is getting older, he then realizes how unusual his name is. As an Indian-American, his name is neither Indian nor American, but Russian. He does not know about the story behind his name yet, all he knows is that he starts to hate his name. Before he goes to college, he decides to change his name to Nikhil officially. It seems like he believes that changing his name would make him who he wants to be. So he goes home and asks for his parents’ opinion and complaints about his name. â€Å"I don’t get it. Why did you have to give me a pet name in the first place? What’s the point? † â€Å"It’s our way, Gogol,† his mother maintained. â€Å"It’s what Bengalis do† (99). Until this point, Gogol still doesn’t accept this naming tradition because he feels inferior for his name. However, â€Å"The only person who didn’t take Gogol seriously, the only person who tormented him, the only person chronically aware of and afflicted by the embarrassment of his name, the only person who constantly questioned it and wished it were otherwise, was Gogol† (100). The conversation ends with a sentence by Ashoke, â€Å"In America anything is possible. Do as you wish† (100). This sentence sounds normal, but it is filled with helplessness and sadness. Ashima and Ashoke can’t change anything, they are just two Indians living in America, no one cares about them, not even their son. They have no choice but to give in† (60). Now, he is officially â€Å"Nikhil†, but â€Å"Gogol† is still like a splinter in his heart. He doesn’t want to touch it, doesn’t like to talk about it, but the dull pain inside his heart always reminds him that it’s there. After Ashoke’s death, he learns to seize the time with Ashima. But when he knows that Ashima is planning to move back to India, he suddenly realizes that â€Å"Without people in the world to call him Gogol, no matter how long he himself lives, Gogol Ganguli will, once and for all, vanish from the lips of loved ones, and so, cease to exist. Yet the thought of this eventual demise provides no sense of victory, no solace. It provides no solace at all (289). He finally realizes that as he gets mature, his love once are getting older too. His name will die just like the people. This shows that finally accepted himself as a whole, and this name is part of him. Maybe â€Å"Gogol† is not who he wants to be, but â€Å"Gogol† is who he really is. Ashima and Ashoke are the first generation immigrants, they consider themselves Indians, but learning to adjust their minds and live like Americans. Struggles are parts of their daily lives. Gogol, as an American born Indian, he has an Indian appearance, but growing up in America and getting American education make him a real American inside. â€Å"Living with a pet name and a good name, in a place where such distinctions do not exist-surely that was emblematic of the greatest confusion of all† (118). No wonder, the quest for identity is exhausting, but eventually, you will get to the destination. Open your mind, accepts who you really are, life is beautiful.

The Role And Function Of The Declaratory And Constitutive Theories International Law Essay

The Role And Function Of The Declaratory And Constitutive Theories International Law Essay State recognition is one of the most contested topics in the international law. This problem appears to come back on the international agenda and reopens the great debate with the recent unilateral declaration of independence pronounced by Kosovo in 2008. Further attention was gained in August 2008, when Russia and Nicaragua recognized the statehood of breakaway regions of South Ossetia and Abkhazia. The issue of recognition is of immense importance as it usually confirms the states legal existence as well as allows the new entity full political interaction with existing entities. Legal personality indicates that the new entity is capable of possessing international rights and duties, and has the capacity to maintain its rights by bringing international claims.  [1]  Additionally, it acknowledges that a recognized state must obey standards and regulation posted by international law, which in turns secures stable and peaceful international order. State recognition is a subject of a disagreement between two schools; the one in favour of constitutive theory and the one in support of the declaratory theory of statehood.The latter does not require the recognition of other states as long as it has achieved the known required standards to be a person of international law. In contrast, the constitutive theory does require the recognition of a state as sovereign by other states to be a person of international law.  [2]  This essay will explain the role and function of the two theories and their applications in the international community, and attempt to access which one is more functional. Finally it will clarify the difference between the recognition of the state and the recognition of the government. It is commonly understood, the state arises as a legal and political entity when it achieves certain requirements. Criteria for statehood are defined in 1993 Montevideo Convention on Rights and Duties of State (MC).An entity must posses: a permanent population; a defined territory; a government; and a capacity to enter into relation with other countries  [3]  . Conflict already appears with the effective government requirement. For example Shaw claims that this is not a precondition for recognition as an independent state  [4]  In opposition, Dixon argues that condition of effective government must be first satisfied, before an entity can claim to be a state.  [5]  on the subject of the last condition, Crawford for instance, sees capacity to enter into relations with other states as an attribute of an entity which has already reached statehood.  [6]  In addition to the MC, there is also a very great argument that that self-determination should be given more importance than state recognition; according to Raic : Whether a new State is created as a result of devolution, integration, dissolution, or secession, it is submitted that, in principle, in all of these cases, self-determination forms the legitimizing princi ple for the creation of the new State.  [7]   Overall, the presented legal condition for statehood, alongside with political action and certain facts are the basis for the state recognition in the declaratory understanding. It can be deducted that the declaratory theory, is little more in accord with practical realities  [8]  , as is based on natural law with an objective system of law.  [9]  Additionally, the declaratory theory operates on notion of the sovereignty of the state and the associated weakness or non-existence of any central guiding in the international system.  [10]   Declaratory theory maintains that a new entity will obtain capacity in international law not by asset of the permission of other states but by acceptance of the realistic 10092954 situation, which was result of their own effort and political actions. Moreover new state will not have to wait for the procedure of recognition by others.  [11]  Lall and Khemchand argue that appearance of new state and becoming a new subject of international law are instantaneous processes. Becoming aware of that there is no reason for claiming that states become subjects of law only after they have been recognised.  [12]  Similar reasoning is presented in Article 3 of the MC: statehood is free of recognition by the existent states, and an entity can exist even if others dont recognize it.  [13]  In addition, Brownlie claims that, if an entity bears the marks of statehood, other states put themselves at risk legally, if they ignore the basics obligations of state relations  [14]   The Charter of the Organization of American States, speaking about the fundamental rights and duties of state also declares the state is independent of recognition by other states. Pointing out that even before the recognition, state has the right to protect its integrity and independence.  [15]   Undoubtedly, if state meets the conditions for statehood but is not internationally recognized, it has much more difficult position for operating in international system. Nevertheless, it would not seem in law to amount to a decisive argument against statehood itself  [16]   Another strong argument in favor of the declaratory theory is the fact that even though any state does not recognize a new entity, it cannot deny this country legal obligations and duties obligates by international law. Furthermore, it itself is obliged to pursue the rules of law when dealing with such a state. This is clear in relation to Israel- Arab 10092954 relations. Moreover, the recognition from the declaratory point can avoid laps in time, when state is suspended in the legal, political space, and shun illogicality of considering an entity as a state and non-state at the same time. Even though the concept of obtaining the fully legal statehood through achievement of certain conditions seems very simple and logical, it is not as straight forward from situation where all circumstances are not satisfied. Firstly, if the state is perceived as a state hence fulfilment of statehood requirements, declaratory theory must clearly define in legal terms what state is.  [17]  particularly now, when the era of colonies is over, as well peaceful disintegration of massive powers , the existence of the new state is the result of violent breakouts, wars. Fulfilment of basic criteria to become a person of international law is just simple and many other elements need to be considered; elements that are not clearly and fully defined. Secondly, a question arises if the statehood could be obtained when an emerging entity does not posse one of the conditions for statehood, for example territory? This was case of Greece, and Netherlands during II World War. Another instance is lack of effective government, as in the case of the Annexation of Czechoslovakia by Germany in 1939.The situation can be further complicated when there are two governments: operating externally and acknowledged by international community and government within the state. The declaratory theory does not provide answers for those situations. Evidently then, state recognition is very important but is it enough to grant an emerging state a legal personality ? In 1912 Oppenheim famously concluded that: International Law does not say that a State is not in existence as long as it is not 10092954 recognized, but it takes no notice of it before its recognition. Through recognition only and exclusively a State becomes an International Person and a subject of International Law.  [18]   The constitutive theory maintains that it is the act of recognition that creates a new state and awards it with legal personality, not the process by which it actually gained independence. Lauterpacht claims that once the conditions prescribed by international law for statehood have been complied with, there is a duty on the part of existing states to grant recognition .  [19]  However, it must be emphasized that existing states have a full independence and discretion to either accept or reject a new state. This does not have to be supported with incident to conclude that is a very dangerous political tool. For example, the United States did not recognized the Peoples Republic of China and North Korea because they did not want to have any relations with those states. A further disadvantage of this approach, and possibly the most problematic, is the fact that unrecognized states are sustained in legal limbo. From the constitutive reasoning it follows that an unrecognized state does not posses any rights or obligations. This puts other states in danger as states outside the legal regime can act as they wish, without any legal consequences or jeopardy of being punished. Moreover, an interesting question arises what happens when an entity is recognized by one states but its legal position is denied by others. This creates confusion; moreover put forward a question of partial personality?  [20]   Nevertheless, the constitutive theory has some valuable points. For example, in cases when the state becomes exist as a result of unlawful actions such as violence, occupation or more likely the government through unconstitutional procedures, non recognition of such a state significantly questions the legal position of such an entity 10092954 and it is immensely harden to maintain a political existence.  [21]  Moreover, recognition of a new state by international community can increase the chances and, to some extent, cover defects in satisfying the criteria for statehood. Perhaps the safest and exact position when it comes to the constitutive theory has been expressed by Shaw who stated that recognition is constitutive in a political sense, for it marks the new entity out as a state within the international community and is evidence of acceptance of its new political status by the society of nations . This does not imply that the act of recognition is legally constitutive, because rights and duties do not arise as a result of the recognition.  [22]   Moving to the application of those two theories, it is believed that states and international community tend to apply declaratory position. German-Polish Mixed Arbitral Tribunal stated: the recognition of a State is not constitutive but merely declaratory. (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) The state exists by itself and the recognition is nothing else than a declaration of this existence, recognized by the State from which it emanates  [23]  The International Court of Justice in the Genocide Convention case clarify that the failure to maintain effective control over territory does not extinguish the legal entity in the eyes of the United Nations.  [24]  Legal requirements for statehood and the declaratory position where further confirmed by Commission of Jurists on The Aaland Islands, appreciate the importance of the recognition of Finland by other states, but called for conditions required for the formation of a sovereign state  [25]   10092954 The case of Israel is disputed, but clearly, even if the Arab countries are rejecting to recognize it, Israel has legal personality and is bound by international law to follow and respect international system. Considering Israel through constitutive theory it would mean that Israel would not be protected and would not have the legal right to defend its territory. even though that the Arab community do not recognize Israel, still have to acknowledge Israel and their legal duties that flow from international treaties that all parties have signed.  [26]   Despite the fact that Constitutive theory has not been formalized in any treaty, it has some applications in the international cases. . The Permanent Court of International Justice, used the premises of the constitutive theory in the Lighthouses case where effectiveness was disregarded for the fiction of continued sovereignty of the Turkish Sultan .  [27]  A second instance was the Morocco case regarding the continued sovereignty of Morocco although under the French Protectorate.  [28]  . Recognition without completion of statehood requirements of territory, population and effective government are present in some cases of former Yugoslavia. Bosnia was unanimously acknowledged by the General Assembly to the UN on 22 May 1992  [29]  , despite that Bosnia was losing some of the basics of statehood conditions. . 10092954 The different between the recognition of state and the recognition of government: Governments recognition is an acceptance by the recognizing state that the system in question is the effective authority and such demonstrate the will to cooperate.  [30]  Government and state are two inseparable factors; recognition of a state automatically grants recognition to the government.  [31]  It is generally accepted that the legal personality of a state does not affect the change of the government within the state.  [32]   Recognition of a government can be de jure (legally recognised), or de facto (regardless of whether or not it has been legally recognised). Israel was recognized by the United States and the United Kingdom by the device of having its government recognized de facto.  [33]   There are many efforts can arise in time of war or revolution. Crawford argues that belligerent occupation does not affect the continuity of the State, even where there exists no government claiming to represent the occupied State  [34]  . Clearly then, recognition neither changes nor determines the legal personality of entity under the international law. This was confirmed in Tinoco case: non-recognition for any reasonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦cannot outweigh the evidence disclosedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦as to the de facto character of Tinocos government, according to the standard set by international law  [35]  . When diplomatic relations with unrecognized government are suspended legal bindingness are still applicable. . 10092954 In conclusion, it is important to acknowledge the valuable elements and weaknesses of both theories. In addition, both have found application in the international political and legal scenario. The declaratory theory focuses on the international factual situation while the constitutive concentrates on the external legal rights and duties. As Worster said : Recognition alone does not create the internal factual situation of statehood, but may help to inspire such coalescence.  [36]  . Obviously neither theory is perfect. Because of that the international community leans to adopt the middle position and resolve the happening problems on individual bases by applying the most related element from both theories. It is Clearly that they are not mutually exclusive and on many circumstances confirmed that if they applied together ,it would allow an averting of complex legal questions regarding a new state and they are avoid political disorder. 10092954

Impact of Music of the Harlem Renaissance Upon the Artists of Today Ess

Impact of Music of the Harlem Renaissance Upon the Artists of Today   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Musicians during the Harlem Renaissance created a style and movement that simply took Americans by storm. Musicians such as Duke Ellington and Louis Armstrong have inspired others all over the country. The Renaissance itself was not only an observation of life for African Americans, but it also showed Americans that they have a place in society. All of the musicians, writers, and artists shared a common purpose. This purpose was to create art that reflected the Afro American community. Through this era, African Americans provided themselves with their cultural roots and a promise for a better future. Music in this era was the beginning. It was the beginning of new life for musicians and African Americans.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All types of music require musicians. In the H.R (Harlem Renaissance), there were many who contributed to this new style of music known as jazz. These musicians all have their own style and form. Each of these styles has in some way influenced the evolution of jazz. Louis â€Å"Sachmo† Armstrong is recognized as the most famous trumpet player of this time. His â€Å"hot bop† style was heard in places like the Cotton Club and the Apollo Theatre. Everyone from all over the country would come to see him. Armstrong recorded such works as I’m in the Mood for Love, and You Rascal you (http://library.thinkquest.org/26656/english/music.html). Another famous person during this era was Coleman Hawkins, a saxophone player. Hawkins is recognized as the first great saxophonists of Jazz. His most famous work was a piece named Body and Soul (http://library.thinkquest.org†¦). Hawkins has also recorded with artists such as Thelonious Monk and Duke Ellingt on. Other people such as Bessie Smith, Josephine Baker, Duke Ellington, and â€Å"Dizzie† Gillespie have also made many contributions to the development of Jazz.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By the end of World War I, Black Americans were facing their lowest point in history since slavery. Most of the blacks migrated to the northern states such as New York and Chicago. It was in New York where the â€Å"Harlem Renaissance† was born. This movement with jazz was used to rid of the restraints held against African Americans. One of the main reasons that jazz was so popular was that it allowed the performer to create the rhythm. With This in Mind performers realized that there could no... ...ty statement, some of the feelings and expressions that were used during the beginning of the era have diffused. With this jazz has become weaker, but well known. Jazz will always continue to have character. Jazz will always be art. Jazz will always have a story to tell.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Though Jazz has changed, the background behind it still inspires those today. Even though each artist has their particular style or expression, they all can agree that music is art. They can all agree that Music is emotions and feelings. Through the years, just as all things do, Jazz and Bebop have grown and flourished across America and the World. All in all Jazz for African Americans opened the doors in America, jazz alone opened doors and ears all across the Earth. Sources cited Http://www.acns.nwu.edu/jazz/styles/bebop.html: Net Zero. 6-2-02 Http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Forum/4722/jazz.html: Net Zero. 6-2-02 Http://www.kennyg.com/biography.html: Net Zero 6-2-02 Http://library.thinkquest.org/26656/english/music.html: Net Zero. 6-2-02 Wintz, Cary D. The Harlem Renaissance. Houston Texas: Rice University Press, 1988 Http://www.wshs.fcps.k12.va.us/projects/im98/im981/jaz.htm: Net Zero 6-2-02

Elies Wiesel And Night :: essays research papers

Elie's Wiesel and Night Do you see that chimney over there? See it? Do you see those flames? Over there- that's where you're going to be taken. That's your grave, over there. Haven't you realize it yet? You dumb bastards, don't you understand anything? You're going to be burned. Frizzed away. Turned into ashes. Night is one of the masterpieces of Holocaust literature. It is the autobiographical account of an adolescent boy and his father in Auschwitz. Elie Wiesel writes of their battle for survival, and with his battle with God for a way to understand the wanton cruelty he witnessed each day. Elie Wiesel was born in a little, quiet town called Sighet, in transylvania where he had lived all of his young life. Quiet until the 1940's, when the city, and eke himself charged for ever, just as Europe, and for that matter the world. One day they expelled all the foreigners of the city, and Wiesels master in the study of cabbala (Jewish mysticism) of a foreigner so he was expelled too. The deportees were soon forgotten, he writes. However a few lines later he explains why this is relevant, and gives the reader an idea of what was going on in the minds of the jews living where he did. He told his story (referring to the expelled Rabbi) and that of his companions. The train full of deportees had crossed the Hungarian frontier and on Polish territory had been taken in charge by the Gestapo. The jews had to get out and climb into lorries. The lorries dove towards a forest. The jews were made to get out. They were made to dig huge graves. And when they had finished their work, the Gestapo began theirs. Without passion, without taste, they slaughtered their

In the 1930’s John Steinbeck wrote the novel Of Men and Mice. He wrote :: Free Essay Writer

In the 1930’s John Steinbeck wrote the novel Of Men and Mice. He wrote the book in the middle of the great American depression. During this great time of loss over 15 million people lost there jobs. OF MEN AND MICE In the 1930’s John Steinbeck wrote the novel â€Å"Of Men and Mice†. He wrote the book in the middle of the great American depression. During this great time of loss over 15 million people lost there jobs and were made redundant. All these people were left to find whatever work they could, all with no income or government support such as benefits or social security. The health service was no longer on a work plan so people were suffering in their masses because they could not afford to pay the service costs. California at that time was quite a rich state so many flocked there to find work. â€Å"Of Men and Mice† is set in Salinas in California. Salinas is on the coast of California and is quite a fruitful county and a lot of people will have gone to work on the ranches there like Lennie and George. John Steinbeck wrote â€Å"Of Men and Mice† in a socialistic point of view to capture what was going on in these times. He captured what was going on around him and turned it into a novel of two men doing exactly what millions of others were doing at that time going from place to place, ranch to ranch. This is how millions lived for many years to come. John Steinbeck felt that the government had let the public down buy not supporting them in their time of need. Lennie is described as â€Å"a huge man, shapeless of face with large pale eyes.† Just from this you can tell that he is abnormally big for these times. However George is described as â€Å"small, quick and dark of face with restless eyes and sharp, strong features.† This tells us that the man is smaller and skinnier than Lennie with more defined features. Lennie is said to be big and clumsy, so big even he is described as a bear â€Å"dragging his feet a little, the way a bear drags its paws.† Steinbeck then refers him to again â€Å"Lennie dabbled his big paw in the water†¦.† This then emphasise just how big he is being compared to a bear again. But whilst being like a bear he is also like a child â€Å"I forgot, Lennie said softly, I tried not to forget, honest I did George.† This makes Lennie sound like a child not only because of the language

The Bible References in Brothers Grimm Fairy Tales

The very first reference to a religious aspect is that they are twelve as the apostles of the Bible, and one of them, the youngest had the name of one bible character – Benjamin- who was too the 21st son of Jacob also, who had a daughter too.The next reference is the Golden Star on the girl's forehead, which is a compost symbol with two pieces, the first is gold, and it evokes what is illuminated, sacred and durable. The second is Star, it symbolize â€Å"the presence of divinity' (Cooper, 156). Like the brothers on this fairy tale, Jacob once had to flee from the wrath of his brother Seas. When the princess took off the flowers from earth she deflowered her brother she committed an incestuous act.The brothers turned into Ravens, which are in the Bible god singers and prophets, as a punishment to the Incestuous act and she was not punished too because of being a divinity and sacred being. The seven years of silence that she had to obey can be a reference to Mary of Sorrows, w hich symbol Is a heart pierced by seven swords, each sword meaning one of the sorrows that she had to face. The latter reference is the step-mother who persuades the King to send his beloved wife to the fire, acting like the Devil stacking his claim of the sinner princess.

Immanuel Kant Paper Essay

Im homosexualuel Kant (1724-1804) is one of the roughly influential philosophers in history of western sandwich philosophical system. A valuable representative of the Western-European unpolluted philosophy, Immanuel Kant dealt with the best traditions of the German idealism. A kind- go extinctted soulality, according to Kant is the highest and commanding value. It is the psycheality, in Kants misgiving, that towers the someone over its profess ego and links the world being with the bless of liaisons. The order of things, according to Kant is the reflection of the universal signified. The whole perceived reality rough us complies with the order of things.The to the highest degree interesting part of Kants philosophy is that his bear apprehension of the order of things and earthy sense is dual in guinea pig of analyzing it. In his work plungeing of the Metaphysic of godliness Kants thoughts come to a full of life question. This question lies in the fight between the undermost and highest abilities of a craving, between the longing to contentment and a ethical ordaining that is a manifestation of duty. In this work it is in truth easy to trace Kants con nonation to oppose the clean teaching of clean-livingity and its abjection to whatever ethical relativism, which causes this degradation of cleanity.He tried to create the highest constitute of estimation of the ethical principles that managed honourableity? For he believed that the degradation of exampleity starts from, the impossibility to value what is re completelyy wrong or right. Here, is the sharpen where Immanuel Kant enters the definition of the flavour trust cum laude go out. Kant explains what a intelligent leave alone is and what breatheder it makes in the perception of the incorrupt actions that a somebody makes. Kants main plan is to underline the moral value of motivation and its realization at least with with(predicate) the presence of a close volition in a person. Kant 3 outline of Kants ripe result The completely thing that is earnest without qualification or restriction is a satis incidentory testament. Kant outlines that betterness aimly rest to be favorableness, level off if nobody is really practiced. From this showing he offers the definition of what a favorable allow is. The nonion of Kants ethical motive is the autonomous reasoned get out. This well(p) allow for is not passive a mail carrier of this impart inevitably to make actions and deeds. A moral action looks like a solvent of an internal imperative command. So Kant makes an artistic style on the importance of the behavior, which is managed by the slap-up lead.That is to theorise, a serious go forth alone in vertical in all circumstances and in that sense is an absolute or un occasioned reliable. Kant evaluates a tidy give without basing on the results, which it produces. From the point of wad of the philosopher a life-t hreatening ordain keeps remaining profound tied(p) if it does achieve the differenceing it had. In former(a) words, all the same(p) if an individual fails to do something commanded by his good volition what he did remains a good thing unconditionally. At the like time Immanuel Kant trances a good will as a crotchety trade good that is able to produce the result it intended to produce.A good will is still of import by itself, because it objectively either exists or not in the personality. upright will vs. Happiness As it has been already mentioned Immanuel Kant in his work Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals widely uses the term good will. It is very important to understand the Kant 4 reason Kant valued this notion so deeply.To completely understand this it is obligatory to draw the parallel between a good will and objective enjoyment of all individual. Let us suppose, basing on Kants words, that we meet a person who at all points is successful he has power, wealt h, a good health, a good state of mind, he is satisfied with his life, looks and considers himself to be a glad person.Can we say analyzing this man that he is intellectual? more often than not yes. People would ordinarily say that this man is happy and has everything to be happy and his own perception of being happy in addition. Kants question to this matter is different does this happiness have a moral base? From Kants point of find out some conditions and qualities of a happy person atomic number 18 not combined with both moral bases. At this point is indispensable to come back to the term good will.The absence of a good will makes unacceptable generally unavoidable personal qualities such as wittiness, business leader to judge, courage, decisiveness and many new(prenominal)s. Kant implies that these qualities may blend in evil in mooring when they be not supported by the good will. From the philosophers look a good will forms, probably, the most essential condit ion not only of being happy only even of being worthy to be happy. The essence of a good will A good will is a will, not able to be cruel or evil.The supposition of morality forms the nature of the good will. Goodness it the main requirement of the existence of the good will according to Immanuel Kant. A good will is a will in which native characteristics of an individual do not hinder but define and patron the desire to do good. Good will in its own sense is a unity of liberty and rectitude, mind and goodness. The innocence of determination of the will by the Kant 5 mind is the real meaning of its goodness. Kant in like manner refers to the absolute good will.The sanctitude of this good will in Kants understanding comes from its superiority over Kants ordinary good will. Kant views the absolute good will as the moral destination of the human mind. It is the main goal of the highest gift humanity has ever gotten the human mind. Kant interprets this form of will as a pure will. Kant through his notion good will reveals the necessity of high moral values in the life of every person, without which the life even subjectively happy individual is may not be called complete and successful, but even a failure of mind to success and to purify.Kant makes an accent on the required versatility of the good will a good will needs to become the law of will of any creature. A good will occupyes a full unity of subjective and objective beginnings of the will in the unconditional law of moralities. Plausibility of Kants view of the good will Some people carry that Kants idea seems to be a utopia of nonesuch. According to Kant the thoroughgoing(a)ion of will is estimated by the completeness of absolute will in an individual. If whence the perfection of will is a moral law, all other laws of duty remain considerably imperfect, which also makes the good will imperfect, too.Therefore, a human being is a unique creature, for which perfection in other fields is not as valid, as the good will is. The complete perfection is achieved only the good will itself, for it is objectively and unconditionally good. Can this be considered to be a universal law? And is a good will the most valuable thing philosophically? What Kant as authoritatives the reader is that the good will is good even if it does not produce the necessary effects and does not achieve the results is aimed to achieve. If the reader analyzes this point of view from a practical example he might face a trusted difficulty.For instance, a persons Kant 6 goal is to do a good thing, but while laborious to do it he causes definite harm. Can it be estimated to be still a good will, even if it caused negative results, opposite to the ones aimed to achieve. The most questionable part of Kants opinion is the evaluation of the result of the action produced by the good will. As both corroborative and negative results do not slacken the goodness of the good will it is very hard to objectively jud ge the actions of a person. If the perfection can be found only inside of the good will and nothing else can be perfect by itself, than how can a person assume that he poses a good will.This is very doubtful, cod to the difference of the notion of happiness of other people. Individuals subjectivity does not allow them to possess a good will because even if their intensions are good they cannot know for sure that what they want to do is good in terms of the person they want to help and anything else. At the same time the fact of willing good may not be taken into count. If there are two different people with the same results obtained and if their wills are opposing each other, than the person that possessed a good will in his intentions is the good one.It is about the difference of the will and the result of the action the will produces. Kant idea seems to be a utopia, but nevertheless, it may be called glib due to the possibility to perfect while trying to achieve the absolute wi ll. It is very plausible that even if a man is talented, gifted, if he posses the most suitable temperament for his ambience, even if he is clever, voluptuous, sincere it all may produce harm in case if it not directed by a good will. Immanuel Kant outlines that a good will is what makes a man highly moral and therefore evaluates him in its own definition. finale Immanuel Kant provided a philosophical point of view of the morality of the society. His good will first appearance gave the bases to the works of other famous philosophers. Immanuel Kant 7 Kants good will opening claims that only if a thing does not require anything else to be good in order to function then it is good and if it does it is good with a certain limitation. Good will is estimated both by the goodness of the willing and the result of this willing, not ineluctably both at the same time.As all the personal qualities require a good will to conduct them in order to be good they are all good with limitations. A t the same time a good will does not need all these qualities to be good. All the qualities and opportunities in the society around are good with limitations and the only thing that will make them truly good is the good will, for it is the only thing that does not require anything else to be good. Kants unsurpassed idea enraptures the thinker with its depth.The most important thing to understand, according to Kant is that the goodness of a good will is not evaluated through the result it achieves and the result itself has nothing to with the goodness of the good will and under no condition does limit its goodness. Nothing would end this paper better that Kants own words carrying the most important marrow he wanted people to hearIt is impossible to conceive anything at all in the world, or even out of it, which can be taken as good without qualification, except a good will. Kant 8 Bibliography Abbott, I. K. (1829). Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals. freshly York Broadview Press Ltd. Beck, t. L. (1959). Foundations of Metaphysics of Morals. Indianapolis Bobbs-Merrill. Kessler. (2009). Voices of Wisdom. Mason Cengage Learning.